My Salvation Experience Essay

As of September of 2011, I will have been a born-again Christian for 41 years. My journey to faith in Christ began with the conversion of my father, Jack Baines, Sr. in 1967. Dr. Melvin Worthington was the pastor of the First Free Will Baptist of Amory, Ms and he invited my father to attend a Revival service in Tupelo, MS where his brother was the guest evangelist. The first night, my dad went to the altar and said he rededicated his life to Christ. However, the second night, he went forward to the altar and said he really had never been born again and that night he accepted Christ as his Lord and Savior. His life was immediately characterized by change and dedication to living for the Lord. As my father began to grow in the Lord, he also began to lead people to Christ and it started with his family. A he taught the Bible to us at home and lead our family to be faithful to attend the church, one by one my sister, brother, and I asked Christ into our lives. I was five years old when I was born-again. I was the typical kid who was not old enough to really experience a life of deep sin or rebellion but was just as lost and in need of salvation as anyone. One day my dad took me to the pastor’s office where I was led to Christ and soon baptized. The change in my life was immediately evident as I was assured that I would go to Heaven when I died and knew that I needed to live according to the teachings of the Bible. One of the major changes was the burden, even as a young boy, that I had for my friends and family who need to accept Christ. I became very diligent at a young age to tell people about Christ, be faithful serving in the local church, and developed a love for good preaching and teaching. I am so thankful even today that someone cared enough for my father and my family that they shared the gospel with him. This began a journey that would impact my life just a few short years later. My relationship has continued to grow and the personal relationship with Christ has helped me face every life situation. I am very thankful that becoming a Christian early in life spared me much heartache that may have come my way had I not been a Christian. I love to help lead children to Christ knowing that an early relationship with Christ will prepare them much earlier to live in this world.

Enthalpy of formation of calcium carbonate Essay

Objective To determine the enthalpy of formation of calcium carbonate Procedures A. Reaction of calcium with dilute hydrochloric acid 1. 1. 0909 g of calcium metal was weighed out accurately. 2. 100 cm3 of approximately 1 M hydrochloric acid was pipetted. and placed in a plastic beaker. 3. The initial temperature of the acid was determined 4. The weighed calcium was added into the acid and stirred thoroughly with the thermometer until all the metal had reacted. 5. The maximum temperature attained by the solution was recorded. 6. The experiment was repeated with 1. 0538g calcium metal. Results: Experiment no. 1 2. Mass of Ca used/ g 1. 0909 1. 0538 Initial temp. of solution/ ? 27 26 final temp. of solution/ ? 55 52 Temperature change/ ? 28 26 Calculations and Discussion: 1. What does the term â€Å"heat of formation† of a substance mean? Heat of formation refers to the heat change when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements is their standard states under standard conditions. 2. What are â€Å"standard conditions† for thermochemical calculations? Standard conditions is defined as elements or compounds appear in their normal physical states at a pressure of 1 atm (101325 Nm-2/760mmHg) and at temperature of 25 oC (298 K). Moreover, the solution should have unit activity(1mol dm-3 ). 3. Write the equation for the formation of calcium carbonate under standard conditions. (Call this Equation 1) Ca(s) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) –> CaCO3(s) 4. Write an ionic equation for the reaction taken place. (Call this Equation 2) Ca(s) + 2H+(aq. ) ? Ca2+(aq. ) + H2(g) 5. Assuming (a) the solution in the plastic beaker has the same specific heat capacity as water, i. e. , 4. 2 kJg-1K-1 and (b) density of the acid is the same as that of water, i. e. , 1. 0 g cm-3. Calculate, in each experiment, the heat change in the reaction between the calcium and the acid per gram of calcium. For the first experiment: ?Energy evolved by the reaction= Energy absorbed by the acid ?By E = mc? T, ?H per gram of calcium = [(100/1000)(4200)(28)]/ 1. 0909 = -10780J g-1 = -10. 780kJ g-1 For the second experiment: ?Energy evolved by the reaction= Energy absorbed by the acid ?By E = mc? T, ?H per gram of calcium = [(100/1000)(4200)(26)]/ 1. 0538 = -10362J g-1 = -10. 362kJ g-1 6. Calculate the average heat evolved by one mole of calcium. For the first experiment:?H per one mole of calcium =[(100/1000)(4200)(28)]/ [1. 0909/40. 08] =-432066 J mol-1 =-432. 066 kJ mol-1 For the second experiment: ?H per one mole of calcium =[(100/1000)(4200)(26)]/ [1. 0538/40. 08] =-415329 J mol-1 =-415. 329 kJ mol-1 Average ? H per one mole of calcium (? Hx) =(432. 066 +415. 329)/2 =-423. 698 kJ mol-1 7. Why is the exact concentration of the hydrochloric acid unimportant? Approximate concentration of hydrochloric acid is not considered as one of the errors. In the reactions, limiting agents, i. e. calcium and calcium carbonate, must be reacted completely. Only these matter in the reaction but not the amount of H+(aq) provided in hydrochloric acid. Indeed, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid just affects the rate of the reaction. Therefore the exact concentration of hydrochloric acid is unimportant provided that there is enough H+(aq) to react with limiting agents completely. 8. Should we measure the volume of acid with a measuring cylinder? Why? The measuring cylinder should not be used to measure the volume of acid. This is because the heat absorbed by the acid must be counted when calculating the heat change of the reaction. As the acid has very high specific heat capacity, the errors in calculating the heat change of the reaction will be very significant if the heat absorbed by acid is not taken into account. Thus, the volume of acid should be obtained accurately to apply into E=mc? T in order to calculate the heat absorbed by the acid accurately. As the scale of the measuring cylinder is far from accurate, the pipette should be used instead. B. Reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid 1. 3. 0940g of dry powdered calcium carbonate was weighed out accurately and placed directly into a clean dry plastics cup. 2. 100 cm3 of approximately 1 M hydrochloric acid was pipetted into another beaker. 3. The acid was poured on the carbonate in the plastic beaker. 4. The solution was stirred briskly with the thermometer and the maximum temperature reached by the solution. was recorded. 5. The experiment was repeated with 2. 7400g of dry powdered calcium carbonate. Results: Experiment no. 1 2 Mass of CaCO3 used/ g 3. 0940 2. 7400 Initial temp. of solution/ ? 26 25 final temp. of solution/ ? 28 27 Temperature change/ ? 2 2 Calculations and Discussion: 1. Write an ionic equation for the reaction taken place. (Call this Equation 3) CO32-(aq. ) + 2 H+(aq. ) ? CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2. Calculate the average heat evolved by one mole of calcium carbonate. (Making the same assumptions as in Part A) For the first experiment: ?Energy evolved by the reaction= Energy absorbed by the acid ?By E = mc? T, ?H per mole of calcium carbonate = [(100/1000)(4200)(2)]/[(3. 0940/(40. 08+12. 01+16Ãâ€"3)] =840 /[(3. 0940)/(100. 09)] =-27174 J mol-1 =-27. 174 kJmol-1 For the second experiment: ?Energy evolved by the reaction= Energy absorbed by the acid ? By E = mc? T, ?H per mole of calcium carbonate = [(100/1000)(4200)(2)]/[(2.7400/(40. 08+12. 01+16Ãâ€"3)] =840 /[(2. 7400)/(100. 09)] =-30685 J mol-1 =-30. 685 kJmol-1 Average ? H per one mole of calcium (? Hy) =(27. 174 +30. 685)/2 =-29. 080kJ mol-1 3. Draw an energy-cycle linking Equations 1, 2 and 3 together, you must include reactions that had not been performed in the experiment. 2H+(aq. ) +Ca(s) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq. ) ?Hx ? Hy Ca2+(aq. ) + H2(g) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) Ca2+(aq. ) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 4.. Besides your experimental results, what other information do you need to enable you to calculate the heat of formation of calcium carbonate? Look up these necessary data from any suitable source. The enthalpy change of formation of water: -286 kJ mol-1 The enthalpy change of formation of carbon dioxide: -393 kJ mol-1 5. Calculate the heat of formation of calcium carbonate. ?H? f [CaCO3(s) ] =? Hx +? H? f [CO2(g)] +? H? f [H2O(l) ] -? Hy =-423. 698-393-286+29. 080 =-1073. 6 kJ mol-1 6. As far as you can, list out the major sources of inaccuracy in the experiment and suggest ways to improve them whenever possible. Sources of error: – Heat loss to surrounding by evaporation, conduction and radiation. -The thermometer absorbed some energy. – The specific heat capacity and the density of the solution are not actually the same as those of the water. -Some of the samples failed to dissolve completely? – The reading of the thermometer is not accurate enough. -The experiment was not exactly carried out under standard conditions. -Some heat was gained by the gases, a considerable amount of heat is loss to surroundings when the gases are releasing. -The lid covering the plastic cups cannot prevent heat loss efficiently. -Heat capacities of plastic cups and thermometer were ignored. -The samples were not pure calcium and pure calcium carbonate due to air oxidation and reaction with moisture in air. Improvements -Use the vacuum flask calorimeter with a cork stopper instead of the polystyrene foam cup -Use a more accurate reading thermometer (e. g. Beckmann thermometer) – Find out the specific heat capacity of other materials other than water. -Use sand paper to remove the oxide layer on calcium metal. -Use powdered calcium instead of the granules in order to increase the rate of reaction ,so that the heat loss to the surroundings can be reduced 7. State the law which you have used in order to answer Question (5). The heat of formation of calcium carbonate cannot be determined directly by calorimetric experiments as there are several experimental difficulties : -The extent of the reaction cannot be controlled -Heat evolved cannot be separated into appropriate terms -Direct combustion of calcium can be violent -Side reactions may arise, for example, 2Ca(s) + O2(g) 2CaO(s) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) Then ,Hess’s Law is applied to calculate the heat of formation of calcium carbonate. Hess’s law states that the energy change for any chemical or physical process is independent of the pathway or number of steps required to complete the process provided that the final and initial reaction conditions are the same. In other words, an energy change is path independent, only the initial and final states being of importance. This path independence is true for all state functions 8. State the law which you have used in order to answer Question (7) depends? Why is this principle useful? The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another. In order to achieve the answer, Hess’s law is used. Hess’s law states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the route by which the reaction takes place. In other words, the standard enthalpy change of a reaction depends on the differences in standard enthalpy between the reactants and the products. It means that the enthalpy of the reaction system is conserved. As the absolute enthalpy of a substance is not possible to be determined and only the difference between reactants and products can be measured experimentally. This law helps us to define the standard enthalpy change of a reaction. Conclusion The enthalpy of formation of calcium carbonate is -1073. 6kJ mol-1. Reference http://hk. knowledge. yahoo. com/question/? qid=7006100200879 http://hk. knowledge. yahoo. com/question/question? qid=7007111800043 http://www. answers. com/8. %09Should+we+measure+the+volume+of+acid+with+a+measuring+cylinder%3F+Why%3F http://hk. search. yahoo. com/search/kp? ei=UTF-8&p=word%E6%89%93%E5%88%86%E7%B7%9A&rd=r1&fr2=tab-web&fr=FP-tab-web-t F. 6 Chemistry Notes Section III by Ms Sin W L.

Failure of Thomas Gradgrind (Hard Times by Charles Dickens)

Thomas Gradgrind is a man bereft of any imagination or fancy, and perhaps that is why he is a staunch believer in the practicality of the education system. He discards wonderment and regards facts and figures as the ultimate path to learning. In the novel Hard Times, the author Charles Dickens has shown Gradgrind as an educationist, and hence has portrayed him implementing his views on both his pupils in the school, as well as on his family. He expects his students to engage in nothing but factual education; and brings up his children on the same principle.Fashioning his children on the principle of logic, he wants to make model beings out of them, which he may portray to society as examples of a practical nature. But he fails to understand the power of human emotions, or rather their weakness. Ignoring all possibilities of what hope and imagination could bring, into the lives of both himself and others around him, he creates a wall of facts beyond which it becomes very hard for his daughter Louisa and his son Tom to see, which they very much come to want. They get sick of their father’s ‘eminently practical’ ways and long to break free from the environment they are made to live in.Their desires and wishes are so subdued that they are forced to turn to whatever respite, no matter how little they can get from any source whatsoever. Despite his efforts to implement his theory upon everyone around him, the seed of fancy does not die out in his son and daughter, and is evidently on display in the incident where the siblings are caught peeping in at the fanciful circus which fuels their starved imaginations, but their moment is short lived as they are caught by their eminently practical father who chastises them for their behavior.In his views, their behavior is astonishing, for such practical children are not expected to be seen paying attention to things such as circuses and other such buffoonery. His views, which he holds in such high regards, fail here as it shows that no matter how much practicality a person is fed with, even if it is up to the brim leaving no room for any thing belonging to another nature, that basic human nature, which is known as, among others, fancy, will find its way through the thickest of books and the toughest of facts, into the minds of human beings, especially those so deprived of it.And it may as well grow their, positively if it is fed, and negatively, in a manner of frustration and despair, if it is not. Such was the case with Gradgrind’s children that their fancy was gravely trampled upon and not allowed to grow, that their basic human nature of fancy and imagination took on a negative tone of development and brought out in them natures far from what might be considered good. Gradgrind’s forcing upon them his extreme practicality and factual nature brings out the worst in them, as is often the case with youth exposed to the extremities of human psychology.His daughter Louisa enters into a loveless marriage with the unsympathetic man Bounderby, and becomes an unfeeling and cold person. There is no hope developed within her to help her think about what other prospects might have been open for her; whereas Tom goes astray and disembarks on a path unfit for a gentleman of his stature. There is no imagination in his mind whatsoever to suggest to him another course of being other than the one he has been brought up on, which is also the one he detests, and hence, in desperation, he takes to the only other path he sees before him.Gradgrind, having firm belief in the sensibleness of his ideas, extends his educational theory to the orphan child Sissy, who is the estranged child of the circus man Jupe, whom Gradgrind, overcome by pity at realizing her prospects as an un-apprenticed orphan, invites to live in his own house, which he relishes in presenting as an example to Louisa as to what becomes of someone who engages in things which do no appeal to the rationa l side of man.He provides Sissy with the same logical education he had been fashioning his children and his pupils on, but Sissy is not able to be as practical in nature as her education ought to have made her. She is not able to leave behind her basic nature, one which has bred from a past of reading fairy tales and enjoying the circus, which Thomas Gradgrind so detests. And it is this past, this quality of nature, which ultimately helps his son to escape a dreadful turn of events. Tom Gradgrind, on the other hand, having received an education factual in nature to the core, and without any experience whatsoever in mattersotherwise, goes off course and unlike his father, becomes a man of lesser standards. He enters into gambling and commits thievery. The education tom receives, which teaches him that self interest must rise above every other, is over-done. As a result Tom becomes so selfish that he coaxes his sister Louisa into marrying the rich businessman Bounderby just so that he could mint money for his gambling purposes, and becomes cross with her, when Louisa lands up on the wrong side of her marriage and is not able to fulfill his demands anymore.His sister is distraught at being treated coldly by her beloved brother, as he is the sole love of her life. He is very efficiently able to hide the crime he commits by playing upon the general suspicion on the poor workman Stephen Blackpool, the suspicion he has facilitated by taking advantage of Stephen’s gratitude towards his sister and asking to keep watch over the bank on the days leading to the robbery, so that the general doubt would naturally fall on Stephen.Gradgrind is forced to realize the failure of his theory implemented on his children by the embarrassment he suffers at the hands of his son when Tom junior, after his heist at the bank is at the brink of exposure, is in the process of escaping but is stopped short by Gradgrind’s old student Bitzer, who has now become a man of utmost p ractical bend of mind, who places his teacher’s very theory in his own face.Bitzer is an unyielding man who gives importance to nothing above self interest, which, as he truly states, was taught to him under the school of thought propagated by Thomas Gradgrind himself. He gives no regard to his former educator, stating instead that self interest and practicality is what he has been taught all his life, and that is what he shall practice. Gradgrind’s daughter Louisa marries Bounderby solely for the sake of her brother.Neither does she feel anything special towards Bounderby, neither holds anything against him, but agrees to it solely on her brother’s suggestion. To her, nothing in her life is worth getting excited for, as the extreme practical nature of her upbringing restricts her from thinking about things she could’ve possibly engaged in. Her saying, from time to time, â€Å"What does it matter? † suggests that she is so jaded of the system she i s a part of, that it does not matter to her what goes on around her, and is devoid of all concern.Her upbringing and education has been so weak in equipping her with knowledge about human relations of any kind that she is flustered when she is approached by James Harthouse with matters of the heart, and rushes back to her father as she is clueless about what to do about or make of the situation, thus displaying the failure of Thomas Gradgrind’s principles and beliefs on which he has brought his daughter up. This which goes on to show that man’s basic temperament cannot be bottled and filed, thus failing his theory of education being profoundly practical.

Email Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Email - Essay Example The survey is an illustration of a mechanism that can be used in profiling employee’s whit the highest level of job satisfaction thus giving the highest possible performance boosting a company’s productivity (Kuballa 2007). Employees who are satisfied with their job are less likely to leave the organization. This makes it easy for companies to retain talent in the current age where having skilled employees is being used as a source of competitive advantage (Fields 2002). Tenure is examined in this report because it is a crucial aspect in ensuring employees satisfaction. For employees to perform their duties satisfactorily, they should feel that their job is secure and that they cannot be fired any time. Age is also an important aspect in understanding the needs of the employees. If the highest percentage of the employees is of the age 50 and above, they would perform better if they were offered good pension plans and retirement benefits. Workers of the age 18 to 40 are more concerned on getting benefits such as health insurance and job tenure. Gender is also crucial. This is because increase in diversity in the workplace is crucial as it has been observed that it increases workers performance. Ensuring that there is gender balance in the workplace is important in order to promote better performance and good decision making (Cook 2008). This is because people from diverse groups are able to give their different contribution coming up with many alternative solutions. As have already been started, the size of the sample used in this report is 30 employees. This consisted of 60% males (18/60) and 40% (12/30). Tenure Distribution by Gender: 42% of the males have been in the company for more than 2 years 25 % males have been in the corporation for 2-5 yrs 8% males have been in the company for exactly 5 yrs 50% of the females have been in the company for more than 2 yrs 24% of the females have been in the company for 2-5 yrs 4% of the females have been i n the company for more than 5 yrs 20% of the employees interviewed were in the human resource department, 15% came from the administration department, and 30% was from the sales department, 25% from the direct production department. The extrinsic value by gender is measures on a scale of 1-7 with the females taking the value of 5.407 and the males 5.318. The probability that the individual chosen for this survey is between the age of 16-21 is 0.20. The probability that an individual job satisfaction is 5.2 or lower is 0.40. The probability that a person chosen for this survey is from the human resource department and is a female is 0.23. The probability that the individual will be a salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction value is 5 or more is 0.32. Besides the mentioned ways in which a company can use the probabilities above in promoting employees performance, the probabilities mentioned above can be used in several other ways. One way is to check whether the incentive plan and benefits package that the company is implementing in the company is working. The management has the role of understanding which kind of motivation work for different employees. According to Maslow’s theory of motivation, there are different levels of motivation and it is the work of the management to know which stage of development an employee is in and thus give them incentives that completely satisfies their current needs. For instance, according to the probability he notices that employees on the

Synthesizing Sodium Ferrate Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Synthesizing Sodium Ferrate - Lab Report Example NaClO is an active component of bleach. Very concentrated solutions of bleach are used as â€Å"liquid chlorine† for swimming pools. NOTE: This synthesis will be performed in the fume hood. The solution will be very basic, so goggles will always be worn while performing this synthesis. Any solution got on hands will be immediately washed with soap and water. 20 mL of commercial bleach is to be poured into a 50 mL beaker. A stirring bar will be added to the beaker and placed on a stir plate. 10 g of NaOH pellets will be added to the beaker of bleach and stirring will be begun. This is an exothermic reaction so the beaker will get warm. 0.50 mL of 0.30 M FeCl3 will be pipetted using the plastic pipette into the dissolved NaOH solution while it is still warm. The mixture will be allowed to stir for approximately 10 minutes. The solution will be allowed to cool for another 3-5 minutes. The formation of the Na2FeO4 will cause the solution to appear purple. Any foam that appears on the surface will have to be removed by blotting with a paper towel. A suction filtration apparatus will be assembled with due consultation of the GSA). A sintered glass filter will be used on top of the vacuum filtration flask, the vacuum will be turned on and the sodium ferrate solution will be added slowly. ... The volume of ferrate solution that was prepared using a graduated cylinder will be measured. The sodium ferrate solution will be stored in a plastic bottle. The bottle will be labeled with this information; Name of the Team Manager, â€Å"Sodium ferrate in water†, concentration of sodium ferrate (will be determined later), date, and the lab section number. Part 2. Calculation of the Percent Yield of Ferrate Produced In the reaction that was just performed, FeCl3 was the limiting reagent. After the theoretical yield (review is on pages133-139 in the textbook, Tro 2nd edition) of sodium ferrate has been calculated in moles, its theoretical concentration, in molarity (M) will be determined with the help of the total volume of solution that was measured in the Part 1. The actual concentration of sodium ferrate in the solution will be calculated with the help of the spectrophotometer and Beer’s Law. The SpectraVis spectrometer will be calibrated with the help of a cuvette o f DI water. The SpectraVis should be in full spectrum mode when calibrating. The DI water will be removed with a plastic pipette so that all the water droplets from the inside corners as well as from the sides of the cuvette can be removed. The sodium ferrate solution will be added to the cuvette (slightly more than half full). The absorbance of the sodium ferrate solution will be recorded at 510 nm. NOTE: If the absorbance at 510 nm gets above 1.5, the ferrate solution in the cuvette will be diluted (not the original solution) until the absorbance is between 1.0 and 1.5. The volume of ferrate solution that was diluted as well as the amount of water which was added to calculate the concentration of the original ferrate solution will be kept track of. The ferrate solution will be

How Advertising is influenced by Ethics Research Paper

How Advertising is influenced by Ethics - Research Paper Example the literature review below, a comprehensive discussion on the different aspect of ethics and its influence on advertising for healthcare segment has been stated, which will assist the readers in getting a glimpse of the control that ethical advertising has on healthcare segment. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Influence of Ethics in Advertising Advertisements influence the thought process of the people and modify their outlook and behavior for the environment around them and the world. Therefore, moral principles, which are better known to be ethics, should be taught and understood by the advertisers, so that they can positively deliver the message that they intend to transmit. Ethics in advertising involves certain moral principles that have crucial role. The moral principle mainly emphasize on truthfulness, social dignity and responsibility of human beings. Truthfulness or honesty is the first characteristics that every advertisement must possess. Misrepresentation of information or exag geration should be strictly avoided. On the other hand, human dignity should not be harmed through advertisement, through criticism that violates rights or involves discriminations on any grounds. Ethics is just the starting point in advertising. The ethical decisions that are taken by the advertisers are generally complex and it includes steering through a moral maze of contradictory forces. When advertisements are developed by marketers, contradictions are apparent between cost and ethics, strategy and ethics or effectiveness and ethics. It is the obligation of the advertiser or the advertising professional to have an absolute knowledge of the industry standards, so that tactics can be executed without barring the industry norms. In these situations, aspects like personal judgment and... According to a customer, advertising is a way by which marketers can demonstrate about their product and lure them to buy it. However, advertising is not mere a lure game. It goes beyond just showing what is there to be sold. It is a serious business, which might cost lives of customers if not ethically done. In this research paper, the focus was on exploring the influence of ethics in advertising in healthcare marketing. Healthcare marketing involves promoting medicines, healthcare service by hospital and physicians, etc. Ethics is the most significant characteristics in advertising, but in healthcare segment, it is further important because it involves well-being of humans and animals too. Every country has their set of regulations and code of ethics for advertising, marketing or promotion. However, innumerable cases of misrepresentation, unethical practice, exaggeration, false claims, etc reveal that there are loop hole in codes of ethics which are being taken advantage of. There are no restrictions on freedom of speech or expression in any country, but it would be recommended that stricter laws for advertisement selection or broadcasting on television or online platforms.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Essay Example Of course, every discipline does have an ethics or methodological code of conduct, and the point is not to criticize archaeologists. However, what the nature of their activity is as a 'type' depends on the context. In some contexts, the very same activity is grave robbing while in others, it is a respected science. Problems of identity or 'types', can be described as having a 'gray' area, and this is precisely why the question is being raised in the introduction. The problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that there are too many cross-over to other 'types' and that the line between types is no clearer than it is for any other concept that involves some notion of 'identity'. The following will analyze the Introverted Intuitive Thinking Judging (INTJ) type and the 'mastermind' within the Keirsey scale, with an eye toward demonstrating some of the limitations. INTROVERTED: On the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the first attribute of the INTJ type is introverted. It is important t o stress that this is a specific form of introversion. This form might be described as an 'escaping to' rather than an 'escaping from'. Some introverts are that way because they are trying to get away from social interactions and for a variety of reasons or causes. The INTJ personality is introverted, but they are so as a matter of choice. Being introverted allows for conceptual or analytical activity to take place, and thus as a choice, for the INTJ, it can be described as just a â€Å"practical† decision [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. INTUITIVE: Like the introverted quality, the intuitive side of the INTJ and for the writer of the present analysis, is one that is not a strictly conventional definition. Intuition or the form of intuition for the INTJ can be said to be rational. As an individual who invests a lot of time in learning and investigating, the type of intuition that is accessible to the INTJ is also the outcome of conditioning through â€Å"reasonà ¢â‚¬  or â€Å"rationality† [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. That is, intuitions take the forms of finding a common thread through seemingly disparate elements, and having the insight at first which was conditioned by reasoning patterns of the past, and further, a type of intuition that can be factually verified. That is, the rational side of the INTJ will not allow an intuition into the conceptual scheme, without there being some practical or pragmatic reason to do so. And, the pragmatic or practical side of the intuition, is to verify or empirically test the intuition rather than just trust the instinctual or emotional side of the experience. THINKING: In the Myers-Briggs Personality Types, the opposite of â€Å"thinking† is â€Å"feeling† [Personality Page, 2011, â€Å"INTJ†]. As was described in the previous section on intuition, thinking or rationally analyzing phenomenon is a primary mode of operation for the INTJ. At this juncture, it is important that both the type and my own self-assessment maintain that thinking through a situation is much more important and indeed, valid, then just feeling about it. For instance, as a parent, this would mean that 'love' 'is not' all you need – that is, to invert a well known set of lyrics from the rock group, the Beatles. Rather, parenting would involve making decisions on what is most reasonable and practical, rather than what the emotion of love is dictating.